In a general sense, you could say that. Here's what I'm saying more specfically:
I'm saying that it's more in the seriousness of the approach -- particularly with regard to issues of style and the explication of character motive.
Philosophical fiction dramatizes philosophy, which is the primary way in which it's different from non-fiction philosophy, which by definition is straight explication. But explicit philosophy is not in itself a criteria for literary fiction, nor is explicit philosophy off-limits for genre/commercial fiction: The sci-fi novel Dune is highly philosophical, and so is season one of HBO's True Detective.
But the main point I wanted to emphasize here is that journalistic/naturalistic fiction isn't synonymous with literary fiction, as is often supposed. It never has been, and it never will be.
Also -- and perhaps most important of all -- the criteria for all categories of fiction exist along a continuum of degrees. What I like most about the sci-fi novel Dune is its literary quality. On the other hand, what I like most about Vladimir Nabokov's novel Pale Fire is how outrageously clever and funny it is.
